Youth Digital Policy Repository

Last Update: July 2026 (click here to download)

State Year Statute Status


About

The Youth Digital Policy Repository (YDPR) is an ongoing, open-source repository of policies aimed at regulating digital media for minors. Created with the goal of strengthening the relationship between scientists and policymakers, it is our aim that the YDPR will increase researchers’ incorporation of public policy into their work, while also providing policymakers and invested stakeholders a direct line to relevant scientific evidence. The full article describing the repository and all of its purposes can be found here: [INSERT JOCAM COMMENTARY LINK].

Contact Us

Have a question? Notice a policy that is missing from the repository? We’d love to hear from you! You can contact our team at emailhere@placeholder.com.

Meet the Team

Samantha Vigil, MA

Samantha is a PhD candidate in the Department of Communication at the University of California, Davis. Her research examines the relationship between adolescent social media use and well-being. Informed by an ecological perspective, she investigates the ways that an adolescent’s environment, both within and outside the home, shapes their use of and response to media. Her research agenda further aims to examine and inform public policy on the topic of regulating digital media and technologies for children and adolescents. Samantha has worked with members of the California State Legislature, the Department of Public Health, and nonprofit organizations to promote the co-creation of evidence-based policy that is best positioned to support adolescent, family, and societal well-being and maintain a child’s rights-based approach.


Drew Cingel, PhD

Drew Cingel (PhD, Northwestern University) is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of California, Davis, and a member of the Human Development Graduate Group. He studies the interaction between human development and media effects. He is particularly interested in understanding how facets of child and adolescent development influence media choice and the effects of exposure to media, including the areas of social media use on adolescent mental health and social-emotional development, children’s learning from media, including television and tablet computers, and the influence of media on child and adolescent moral development. His work has been published in journals such as the Journal of Communication, Communication Research, New Media & Society, Media Psychology, and the Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. He currently serves as Chair of the Children, Adolescents, and Media division of the International Communication Association. He has received funding from many industry and non-profit partners, including Netflix and Common Sense Media.


Sarah Coyne, PhD

Dr. Sarah M. Coyne is a professor of human development in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. She received her BSc degree in Psychology from Utah State University, and her PhD in Psychology from the University of Central Lancashire in Preston, England. Her research interests involve media, aggression, gender, mental health, and child development. Dr. Coyne has over 200 publications on these and other topics. She regularly speaks to families and teenagers about using media in positive ways. She has five children and lives in Utah.


Sonia Livingstone, DPhil

Dr. Livingstone is a Professor of Social Psychology in the Department of Media and Communications at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).She has published 23 books and many articles on children and young people’s risks and opportunities, media literacy, mental health, child online safety, digital regulation and children’s rights in the digital environment. Since founding the EC-funded 33-country “EU Kids Online” research network, and the Global Kids Online network (with UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti), she has advised the UK government, Council of Europe, European Commission, European Parliament, OECD, International Telecommunications Union and UNICEF, among others, on children’s digital lives and needed policy actions. Dr. Livingstone currently leads the Digital Futures for Children centre at LSE with the 5Rights Foundation and is a member of the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI.


Jane Shawroft, PhD

Dr. Shawcroft’s research focuses around better understanding how technology fits into the lives of children and their families. She is specifically focused on understanding the role of broader context, family-level processes, and individual differences in shaping family and child technology use. Combining perspectives from Human Development and Communication, she focuses on outcomes such as well-being, the development of executive functions, and children’s relationship with technology. To do this she uses primarily longitudinal methods, including shorter-term experience sampling methods and long-lag panel data.


Matthew Shawcroft, MS

Matthew is a cross disciplinary geographic researcher focused on developing greater insight into all areas of data science through the use of geographic methedologies. With work published on topics including landscape ecology, economics, and communication, his work touches on all aspects of human/environmental interactions.


Other Contributors

Below are the names of the contributors who generously gave their time to help build this repository. As an open-source project, it simply wouldn't exist without the dedication and collaboration of this community.

Publications

Academic

Press

For Researchers

Citation

Download the dataset here.


Policy Search

The following is a working list of websites, sources, and key words searched on a weekly basis by a team of UC Davis undergraduate and post-graduate research assistants to keep the repository as up to date as possible. This is not an exhaustive list and instead offers a sample of the types of government, industry, and news organization sites that research assistants monitor to stay updated.

Sources:

Key words:


Coding Scheme

Topic filters were established through a two-coder process with a team of UC Davis research assistant coders. Each coder was provided the following table of topic descriptions and instructed to indicate whether the bill discusses each topic (1) or not (0). Intercoder reliability was calculated using Cohen’s Kappa, with values ranging from X-X. For further information or specific inquiries, please contact us at [insert email].

Topic Definition
Age Verification Imposes stricter age verification requirements to prevent those under a certain age from creating and maintaining accounts OR ensuring that users under a certain age are given a child account.
Parental Consent Requires social media companies to obtain parents’ consent for anyone aged 13 to 17 to sign up for an account.
Hours of Access Allows parents to set limitations on the hours an adolescent user may access their account OR limits the hours that accounts held by minors can receive push notifications.
Parental Account Access Provides parents with access to their child’s account and its content, ranging from partial to full access.
Data Privacy Limits the obtaining and sharing of adolescent users’ personal information and account data by social media companies, both on the platform and elsewhere.
Targeted Ads Prevents companies from giving targeted ads to users under the age of 18.
Algorithms and Platform Designs Bans the use of algorithms and design features which may promote harmful content on adolescent users’ feeds (i.e., sale of weapons or drugs, self-harm, etc.).
Pornographic Content Requires that social media companies block all pornographic content from users under the age of 18.
Blocking Foreign Company Apps Requires certain apps be blocked from use entirely to protect user data from foreign companies.
Artificial Intelligence Limits or reduces the accessibility of AI to minors OR imposes additional safeguards to AI in order to increase the safety for youth.
Smartphones in Schools Limits or bans the use of smartphones in schools, this may be bell to bell policies or any sort of limitation on when/how smartphones can be used.
Media Literacy Implements programs designed to teach youth how to best navigate social media, AI, or any similar digital media.
Parental Controls Creates increased parental controls over their child’s account, such as the ability to apply content filters, set time limits for app usage, and restrict messaging from and to certain users.
Establish Commissions Establishes commissions intended to study the effects of social media use on child and adolescent users OR requires funding for such research to be conducted. Commissions may additionally be established for the purpose of online safety oversight.
Social Media Tax Requires social media companies to pay a tax, often with the intent to generate funding for mental health services, etc.
Reporting Abuse Establishes clearer practices for allowing users to report harmful or abusive content or interactions more easily.
Child Labor Requires that family vloggers put a portion of revenue generated from content containing a minor aside for the child to receive.
Screentime Notifications Requires platforms to send users notifications periodically informing them of the amount of time they have spent on the platform.

*Note: topics edited and added throughout coding process and do not perfectly reflect the list provided in Vigil et al. (2025)

Citation: Vigil, S. L., Cingel, D. P., Shawcroft, J., & Coyne, S. M. (2025). Parental attitudes and predictors of support for youth-directed social media legislation in the United States. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 34(9), 2233–2247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-025-03071-6

Contact an expert

Are you a researcher willing to share your expertise with policymakers? Email us at [insert here] with your name, contact info, and a short description of your expertise.


Drew Cingel, PhD

Associate Professor
Department of Communication
UC Davis


Sarah Coyne, PhD

Professor
School of Family Life
Brigham Young University


Sonia Livingstone, DPhil

Professor of Social Psychology
Department of Media and Communications
London School of Economics


Jane Shawcroft, PhD

Assistant Professor
Department of Communication
The Ohio State University


Samantha Vigil, MA

School of Communication
UC Davis


Amanda Guyer, PhD

Professor
Department of Human Ecology
UC Davis


Laura Vandenbosch, PhD

Director
Media Psychology Lab
KU Leuven